Возможности прижизненных методов внутрисосудистой визуализации нестабильной атеросклеротической бляшки как основного субстрата острого коронарного синдрома

   Острый коронарный синдром остается ведущей причиной смертности населения во всем мире. Патогенетическую основу острого коронарного синдрома в большинстве случаев составляет разрыв тонкой фиброзной покрышки нестабильной атеросклеротической бляшки в коронарной артерии. В связи с чем одной из важных задач практической кардиологии является разработка способов своевременного выявления таких бляшек с целью определения мер профилактики ишемических событий и выбора оптимальной стратегии лечения. В обзорной статье проанализированы основные механизмы дестабилизации атеросклеротической бляшки, ее морфологическая структура, причины и клиническая значимость разрыва. Отражены результаты и накопленный опыт использования внутрисосудистой ультразвуковой визуализации (ВСУЗИ) и оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) для диагностики и контроля атеросклеротических поражений. Описан принцип получения ВСУЗИ- и ОКТ-изображений, оценены достоинства и недостатки этих методов.

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